![]() 1 This approach lends itself to investigations of symptoms such as AH, which comprise multiple phenomenological features. That such experiences do not map closely onto specific disorders has recently prompted the National Institute of Mental Health–driven Research Domain Criteria to devise new ways of classifying psychopathology based on symptom dimensions. A recent shift in AH research, however, has led to a strategic focus on other clinical and nonclinical groups on the basis of observations that hallucinations and hallucination-like experiences are common in several psychiatric and also nonpsychiatric populations (ie, they are “transdiagnostic”). Strongly identified with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia (SZ), AHs have traditionally been investigated in SZ populations. Our model is distinctively powerful in explaining a range of phenomenological characteristics of AH across a spectrum of disorders.Īuditory hallucinations (AHs) are auditory experiences that occur in the absence of a corresponding external stimulation and which resemble a veridical perception. Emotional factors play a particular prominent role at all levels of this hierarchy. We suggest that AHs arise from an interaction between abnormal neural activation patterns that produce salient auditory signals and top-down mechanisms that include signal detection errors, executive and inhibition deficits, a tapestry of expectations and memories, and state characteristics that influence how these experiences are interpreted. Finally, we put forward an integrated model of AHs that incorporates the above findings. ![]() Second, consistent with SZ studies, findings in other population groups point to the role of top-down processing, abnormalities in executive inhibition, and negative emotions. First, SZ studies show that the cognitive underpinnings of AHs include self-source-monitoring deficits and executive and inhibitory control dysfunctions as well as distortions in top-down mechanisms, perceptual and linguistic processes, and emotional factors. The objectives of this article were to (1) present an up-to-date review regarding the cognitive mechanisms of AHs in SZ, (2) review findings from cognitive research conducted in other clinical and nonclinical groups, and (3) integrate these recent findings into a cohesive framework. Recent advances derived from SZ studies can therefore be utilized to make substantial progress on AH research in other groups. While the majority of cognitive studies on auditory hallucinations (AHs) have been conducted in schizophrenia (SZ), an increasing number of researchers are turning their attention to different clinical and nonclinical populations, often using SZ findings as a model for research.
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